Erosion Control Measures

Tillage Management:

A tillage system that buries residue and pulverizes soil leads to high erosion risk. A tillage system that preserves surface residue and minimizes soil disturbance is desirable to reduce soil erosion. Tillage practices can be divided into 'conventional' and 'conservation' tillage. Conventional tillage creates more soil disturbance and mixing, while conservation tillage reduces soil disturbance to a minimum and keeps more residue from the previous crop at the soil surface.

Conventional tillage operations use implements to mix or disturb the soil extensively, burying plant residue in the process. This leaves a rough surface that is then disked smooth to allow for better planting. Conservation tillage leaves 30% or more of the soil surface covered with plant residue, thus the degree of soil mixing is less than the conventional tillage system. In the photos below, discing and chisel plows bury some of the residue compared to no-till surface. Removing some of the residue by discing or chisel plowing increases the area of soil exposed to erosion (see photographs below).

A moldboard plow, part of a conventional tillage system, significantly incorporates and buries residue and leaves a rough soil surface. Image by M. Mamo

Thinking Question: In the above picture, the conventional tillage system not only buries residue but also creates large rough surfaces. How does this affect soil erosion from wind and water?

Discing Image by M. Mamo

Chisel plow Image by M. Mamo

This video clip explains how wind erosion can be reduced by roughening the soil surface and forming soil aggregates. This method of erosion control can be used when vegetation is sparse and/or the cropping system does not allow for vegetative cover. Video Clip by Dr. John Tatarko, USDA

This video explains the beneficial effects of soil surface cover to control and reduce wind erosion. Video Clip by Dr. John Tatarko, USDA